Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Alpha-Tocotrienol Prevents Oxidative Stress-Mediated Post-Translational Cleavage of Bcl-xL in Primary Hippocampal Neurons

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010220

Figure Lengend Snippet: α-TCT protects mitochondrial function against glutamate challenge. Primary hippocampal neurons were treated with α-TCT (1 µM), glutamate (20 µM), or a combination of both. tetramethylrhodamine (TMRM)-stained neurons were imaged ( A ), and TMRM fluorescent intensity was quantified ( B ) at 6 h after treatment ( n = 23–25 cells per group). ( C ) ATP levels ( n = 24 wells per group) at 8 h after treatment. ( D ) Primary hippocampal neurons were treated with Ac-DEVD-CHO (10 μM), glutamate (20 µM), or a combination of both. TMRM fluorescent intensity was quantified ( n = 20 cells per group). Scale bar = 10 µm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) was measured using the fluorescent lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM, Invitrogen, Molecular Probes, Carlsbad, CA, USA), which accumulates within mitochondria in a potential-dependent manner [ , ].

Techniques: Staining